Carburetor anti-icing composition

ABSTRACT

An enhanced carburetor deicer composition consisting of benzoic acid and a freeze-point depressant or a surfactant deicer.

United States Patent Malec et al. 1 Mar. 7, 1972 [54] CARBURETOR ANTI-ICING COMPOSITION [56] References Cited [72] Inventors: Robert E. Malee; Roy J. Betty, both of UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,085,867 4/1963 Fareri et al [73] Assignee: Amour Industrial Chemical Company, 3,128,162 4/1964 Maxwell et al Chicago, Ill. 3,250,600 5/1966 Ballard et al ..44/56 D [22] Filed: July 1969 Primary Examiner-DanielE.Wyman [21] Appl.No.: 847,776 AssistantExaminer-W. J. Shine AttorneyFrancis W. Young Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation of Set. NO. 533,246, Mar. 10, 1966, [57] ABSTRACT abandoned- An enhanced carburetor deiccr composition consisting of benzoic acid and a freeze-point depressant or a surfactant de- 52 u.s.c| ..44/70, 44/72 [51] Int. Cl. ..Cl0l l/l8, C101 1/22 [58] Field of Search ..44/56 D, 70, 71, 72, 77 2 Claims, No Drawings CARBURETOR ANTI-ICING COMPOSITION This application is a continuation of copcnding application Ser. No. 533,246 filed Mar. l0, 1966, now abandoned.

This invention relates to a gasoline composition having improved anti-icing properties. More particularly, this invention relates to a gasoline composition having incorporated therein a synergistic mixture of a deicer and benzoic acid. The benzoic acid seems to impart a synergistic strength to the deicer so that it becomes most effective in preventing carburetor icing.

Carbureted internal combustion engines have a tendency to stall, at idling speeds or while the engine is still cold. Such stalling is caused by the formation of ice on the throttle plate and adjacent surfaces within the carburetor. The ice blocks the intake passage and literally starves" the engine of gasoline. With the trend toward more volatile gasolines, which further aggravates the sudden chilling and consequent ice deposition of any moisture in the gasoline, or in the air passing through the carburetor, the problem becomes quite acute.

Attempts have been made to alleviate the problem by incorporating water-soluble freeze-point depressants, such as alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, diacetone alcohol, and amino alcohol), glycols (ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, methyl pentanediol), glycol ethers (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether), acetates (OX bottoms), amides (dimethylforrnamide), carbonates (ethylene carbonate) and mixtures of the above, into the gasoline. But this approach requires relatively large amounts of depressant, in the range of 0.1 to percent. Such large amounts make commercial use of the freeze-point type depressant uneconomical.

Another class of deicers is the surfactant-type deicer. These modify the cohesive ability of the ice so that it does not readily stick to the throttle plate and adjacent surfaces within the carburetor. US. Pat. No. 2,706,677 typifies this class. it discloses high-boiling amines as deicers. US. Pat. No. 2,891,850 also typifies this class. it discloses the use of N-alkyl substituted alkylene diamines as deicers. Another patent, US. Pat. No. 3,055,746 discloses the use of amine-monocarboxylic acid adducts as antistall, anti-icing agents.

While much has been done in this field of technology, there is still area for improvement. A low-cost, highly effective stable and compatible deicer compound or composition for gasoline is still needed.

Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a novel deicer composition.

Another object is to provide a more economical gasoline composition having deicer characteristics.

Still another object is to provide compositions of the above character which are relatively low in cost.

A further object is to provide compositions of the above character which are highly effective.

A still further object is to provide compositions of the above character which are stable.

Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.

A gasoline composition has now been found having improved anti-icing properties due to the incorporation of a synergistic mixture of a deicer and benzoic acid. More particularly, when benzoic acid is added to a deicer of either the surfactant type or of the freeze-point depressant type, the carburetor anti-icing properties are synergized. A small amount, 0.1 to 25 percent by weight of the deicer of benzoic acid is sufficient to accomplish the synergism. Preferably, a determination should be made as to the effective quantity for the particular deicer utilized. it might be noted that amounts in excess of the optimum effective quantity with increasing concentration tend to reverse the deicer effect.

The invention accordingly comprises a composition of matter possessing the characteristics, properties, and the relation of components which will be exemplified in the composition hereinafter described, and the relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others thereof, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference is now made to specific examples:

EXAMPLE I The named deicer with or without benzoic acid, in the amounts indicated in Table l, are added to a commercial, full 5 boiling range, winter grade gasoline with no additives therein.

(Reid Vapor pressure 13.5 p.s.i.; ASTM 50 percent boiling point= 180 F.

The test conditions of the deicer test are 42 F. and 85 percent relative humidity. Each test is run for 6 minutes. The results of each test are obtained by readings taken from a manometer every 30 seconds. At the conclusion of each 30- second interval, temperature, vacuum and gasoline consumption are recorded. The chemical additive having the lowest vacuum reading at the end of 6 minutes exhibits the least amount of ice adherence or formation on the throttle plate and throttle area of the carburetor and is rated the best potential deicer. All tests recorded are started with a manifold vacuum of 4 inches.

TABLE I Intake manifold Cone. vacuum Test (mg./ after 6 min. No. Additive liter) (inches) 1 Control 15-18 2.. Benzoic acid 5 12.2 g5) 7 50 11. 4 100 10. 9

Surfactant type deicers 7 Oleyl amine (cationic) 100 9.0 3 {Olcyl amine 100 6 2 Benzoio acid. 5 9 {Oleyi amine... 100 6 9 Benzoic acid. 10 10 {Oleyl amine.-.. 100 5 3 Benzoic acid. 15

11 {Oleyl amine 100 8 6 Benzoic acid 20 '12 N-coco-1,3 propane die-mine (cationic). 100 8.5 13 {N-coco-L3 propane diarnine 100 5 5 Benzoic ac 5 14 {N-coco-w propane diamine. 100 I 6 7 Benzoic ac l0 {N-coco-Lii propane diarnine 100 7 5 Benzoic acid 15 16. N-oleyl-1,3 propane diamine.... 100 10. 5 17 {N-oleyl-1,3 propane diamine... 100 7 0 genlzoiiz acid ..d. 108

o ey -1,3 propane iamine i fi "at"; 153 i -o ey propane am no... ""{Benzoic acid 15 i 20.. N sec-C alkyl-L3 propane diamin 100 15. 2

(catio c). 7 2L {N-Sec-Cn-is alky1-1,3 propane dlamlne. 102 g 6 10 i 6.1 100 N C lk 113 di mi 168 5.4

-sec- 11-15 a y propane a ne '{Benzolc acid 20 j 9 25.. N-SeO-Cis-zo alkyl primary amine (cationic) 100 9.4 26 {N-SBO-Cis-tti alkyl primary amine.. 100 6 g t-m ms -Se0- 15-20 a y mary am It "{enzoi:acid.1k.1.? 1.131.. i 8

-sec- 15-20 a primary 9, n 1 -"{Benzoic acid 15 j 1 29- Condensation product of N-oleyi 100 11. 7

diamine and oleic acid (cationic). Condensation product of N-oley1-1,8 propane 100 30- diamine and oleic acid. 6. 6 Benzoic acid 5 Condensation product of N-oleyl-l,3 propane 100 31- dlemine and oleic acid. 5. 1

Benzoic acid 10 Condensation product of N-oleyl-1,3 propane 100 32- diamine and oleic acid. 10.9 Benzoic d.

-.15. '33- Ethylene oxide (26 moles) adduct of oil 100 8.0

fatty acids (nonionic). Ethylene oxide (25 moles) adduct of tall oil 100 34- fatty acids. 5. 5

Benzoic acid 5 Ethylene oxide (25 moles) adduct of tall oil 100 35.... fatty acids. 7.3 Benzoic acid 10 Ethylene oxide (25 moles) adduct of tall oil 100 36- fatty acids. 8.3

Benzoic acid 15 37. Glycerol mono oleate (nonionic) 100 10. 0

Glycerol mono oleate 100 Benzoiclacidnufnt. 3 i

G ycero mono 0 ea e Banza acid .19.

Intake manifold Cone. vacuum Test (mg./ after 6 min. No. Additive liter) (inches) G1 cerol mono oleate 100 ""{Bei'i2oic acid 15 41.. Glycerol mono stearate (non1oinc) 100 9. 9 {Glycerol mono stearate 100 9. Benzoiclacidu..t....1... 103

G ycero mono s eara e ""{Benzoic acid 10 8 10 44 {Glycerol mono stearate 100 1&2

Benzoic acid 15 45. Oleyl hydroxamic acid (anionic). 100 8.0 {Oleyl hydroxamic acid 100 6 0 Benzoic acid {Oleyl hydroxamic acid. 100 6' 6 Benzoic acid.... 1 48 {Oleyl hydroxarnic acid 100 0 Benzoic acid 49... 9(10) phenyl stearic acid (anionic).. 100 10.0 50 {900) phenyl stearic acid.- 100 Benzoic acid 5 51 {9(1()) phenyl stearic acid... 100 9.3

Benzoic acid-.-. 10 52 19(10) phcnyl stearic acid.. 100

[Benzoic acid 15 53..- Mixed Cm olefin acid (anionic)... 100 12.7 54- Mixed C19 olefin acid 50 14.1 55 {Mixed Cm oelfin acid 50 g, 7

Benzoic acid 2. 5 56 {Mixed Cm oelfin acid 50 g 5 2 Benzoic acid 5 57 {Mixed Cw olefin acid 25 z 2 Benzoic acid 5 58. N-oleoyl sarcosine (anionic) 100 14. 5 50 1N-oleoyl sareosino 100 13. 3

--"lgenfoicncidfl un 10g -o eoyl SRlICOSlllQ. ""igenzoiclaoid..i... 1 -olcoy sarcos ne. "{Benzoic acid 15 i O 62. Dimerized linoleic acid (anionic) 100 16. 0 63 Dimerized linoleic acid 100 15 0 .2 imerize ino eic aci '{Benzoic acid 10 7 65 {Dimerized linoleic acid. 100 15 0 Benzoie acid l5 66. Nonylphenoltetraethoxyethanol (non- 100 15. 7

ionic Nonylphenoltetraethoxyethanol. 100 6 igemioic acidi 4 'iii' ""61? 108 14. 9

on ypheno tetrae oxye 'igenzolichacidl. .fi. 138 i 0 ony p cm tetraet ox {Benzoic acid 15 6 70. Substituted irnidazoline (am 100 13.0

Chemical Company) (cationic). {Substituted imidazoline 100 1o 5 ls3egzoicactiid...a....l.. 10g

u stitute imi azo ine. "{Benzoic acid 10 5 73 {Substituted imidazoline. 100 g n 8 Benzoic acid 15 74. N4:oco-1,3 propane diamine (cationic). 25 16.6 75. N-coco-1,3 propane diamine 16. 1 76 N-coco-1,3 propane diamine. 25 14 4 Benzoic acid 2. 5 77 {N-coco-1,3 propane diamine. 25 14. 5 50 s Ilzenzoiclazicid "a 2g -cocopropane iamine i Ilcnzoiclaacid .d. i 16 0 -cocopropane iamine "{Benzoic acid 2.5 i 14 2 80 {N-coco-LS propane dlamine 50 I n. 7

Benzoic acid 5 81 N-coco-1,3 propane diamine 50 1L 3 Benzoic acid 7-5 82 {N-coco-LS propane diamine 50 1L 0 Benzoic acid 10 83 {N-coco-Lt propane diamine 50 1L 2 genzoiclagid "a, .i

-cocopropane 1am ne 3 '{Benzoic acid 20 i 6 Freeze-Point Depressant Type Deicers 85. Methyl Carbitol CH (CH40)2H (a glycol 100 13.0; 13.3 ether). 86 {Methyl Carbitoi CH3(C1H4O) H 100 6.0; 10.9.

Benzoic acid 5 6-3 87 {Methyl Carbitol CH;(CH4O)2H. 100 1 Benzoic acid 10 88 {Methyl Carbitol OH (C2H4O)H 100 0 Benzoic acid 15 89. Buttgl )Cellosolve C4H0OC2H4OH (a glycol 100 15. 0

e er 90 {Butyl Cellcsolve CJHDOCBHtOH- 100 I; 133

Benzoic acid 5 91. Methyl) Cellosolve CHaO CzHiOH (a glycol 50 13. 1

et er 92- Methyl Cellosolve CHaO O2H4OH 100 6. 8 93 {Methyl Cellosolve CHaOCzH4OH 5O 1&1

li it??? a e-escape 53 c y e oso ve 2 4 9 ----inenmic acid 1o} 4 Methyl Cellosolve CHZOCZILOH 50 ""{Benzoic acld.. 15 i 9 3 96 {Methyl Celloso 50 IL 3 Benzoic acid.. 20 97.... gexylene glycol 14.4

exy ene g yco 'iBenzoic acid.. 5 i 14 0 It might be noted from Table 1 above that some of the deicers tested appear to be good carburetor anti-icers by themselves, while others exhibit little or no effect. When small amounts of benzoic acid are added, there is an improvement in the anti-icing property. This synergism occurs whether the benzoic acid is added directly to the gasoline or premixed with the deicer and then the mixed deicer-benzoic acid added to the gasoline.

The objectives of this invention may be accomplished by utilizing 0.1 to 25 percent by weight based on the deicer of benzoic acid and preferably the optimum effective quantity needed to accomplish the greatest synergism and the least reversal of the deicer effect.

It might be noted that the salt of benzoic acid is not the agent that accomplishes the deicer result. Indeed, if a stoichiometric amount of the acid and the deicer were used, a reversal of the deicer effect may occur. This is illustrated in Table 1 above-compare tests 10 and 11, 14 and 16, 26 and 28. There is an optimum concentration within the above ranges for each deicer. As the concentration of benzoic acid is then increased, the reversion effect begins and becomes more aggravated. It is therefore evident that the salt of benzoic acid is not the true deicer agent. Apparently it is the combined effort of the benzoic acid as well as any salt that may be formed.

Any deicer of the surfactant or freeze-point depressant type may be used. Many are disclosed in the introductory portion of this application. it is preferred, for economical reasons, to employ the cationic surfactant type and particularly the amines. Typical amines that are useful are the fatty monoand diamines-wherein the fatty chain has from eight to 22 carbon atoms. Typical amines are: caprylylamine, laurylamine, myristylamine, palmitylamine, stearylamine, arachidylamine, behenylamine, and N-capryl 1,3 propane diamine, N-lauryl 1,3 propane diamine, N-myristyl 1,3 propane diamine, N-palmityl 1,3 propane diamine, N-stearyl 1,3 propane diamine, N- arachidyl 1,3 propane diamine, and N-behenyl 1,3 propane diamine, or mixtures thereof.

The deicer-benzoic acid mixture accomplishes the deicer effect when used in gasoline. Usually, 10 to 300 milligrams of surfactant-type deicer and 100 to 1,000 milligrams of freezepoint depressant-type deicer per liter of gasoline is sufficient, and the preferred amount is 100 and 500 milligrams of surfactant-type and freeze-point depressant-type deicer, respectively, per liter of gasoline.

It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently attained, and, since certain changes may be made in the above composition of matter and the process without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention, which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.

Now that the invention has been described, what is claimed 1. A gasoline composition having improved deicing properties comprising (1) gasoline, (2) as a deicer an amine selected from the group consisting I of alkyl monoamine and alkyl diamine wherein the alkyl group has from eight to 22 carbon atoms and (3) 0.1 to 25 percent by weight of benzoic acid to synergize the deicer effect.

2. A gasoline composition having improved deicing properties comprising (1 gasoline, (2) an N-sec-C alkyl-1,3 propane diamine as deicer and (3) 0.1 to 25 percent by weight of benzoic acid to synergize the deicer effect. 

2. A gasoline composition having improved deicing properties comprising (1) gasoline, (2) an N-sec-C11-15alkyl-1,3 propane diamine as deicer and (3) 0.1 to 25 percent by weight of benzoic acid to synergize the deicer effect. 